Izici eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengokukhula kwesidingo samandla emhlabeni jikelele, ukuguquguquka kwentengo kawoyela kanye nezinkinga zesimo sezulu, kuye kwaphoqa amazwe amaningi ukuba enze umkhuba wokuguqula ukukhiqizwa kwamandla nokusetshenziswa kwawo. Izinkampani zikawoyela zomhlaba wonke bezilokhu zilwela ukuba phambili embonini, kodwa izindlela ezahlukene zokuguqula i-carbon ephansi zezinkampani zikawoyela zihlukile: Izinkampani zaseYurophu zithuthukisa ngamandla amandla omoya asogwini, i-photovoltaic, i-hydrogen kanye namanye amandla avuselelekayo, kuyilapho izinkampani zaseMelika zandisa ukwakheka kokubanjwa nokugcinwa kwe-carbon (CCS) kanye nezinye ubuchwepheshe be-carbon obungebuhle, futhi izindlela ezahlukene ekugcineni zizoguqulwa zibe amandla namandla okuguqulwa kwe-carbon ephansi. Kusukela ngo-2022, izinkampani ezinkulu zikawoyela zomhlaba wonke zenze izinhlelo ezintsha ngokusekelwe ekukhuleni okukhulu kwenani lokuthengwa kwebhizinisi le-carbon ephansi kanye namaphrojekthi okutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile ngonyaka odlule.
Ukuthuthukisa amandla e-hydrogen sekuyinto evunyelwene ngayo yizinkampani ezinkulu zamafutha zomhlaba wonke.
Kuyindawo ebalulekile nenzima yokuguqulwa kwamandla okuthutha, futhi uphethiloli wokuthutha ohlanzekile nongenakhabhoni eningi uba yisihluthulelo sokuguqulwa kwamandla. Njengesiqalo esibalulekile sokuguqulwa kwezokuthutha, amandla e-hydrogen ayaziswa kakhulu yizinkampani zamafutha zomhlaba wonke.
NgoJanuwari kulo nyaka, i-Total Energy yamemezela ukuthi izosebenzisana nezinkampani zamandla avuselelekayo ezidumile emhlabeni wonke i-Masdar kanye ne-Siemens Energy Company ukuthuthukisa nokukhiqiza isitshalo sokubonisa i-hydrogen eluhlaza ukuze kutholakale uphethiloli wezindiza ozinzile e-Abu Dhabi, nokukhuthaza ukusebenziseka kwezentengiselwano kwe-hydrogen eluhlaza njengophethiloli odingekayo wokususa uphethiloli esikhathini esizayo. NgoMashi, i-Total Energy yasayina isivumelwano ne-Daimler Trucks Co., Ltd. ukuthuthukisa ngokubambisana uhlelo lokuthuthwa kwemvelo lwamaloli asindayo aqhutshwa yi-hydrogen, nokukhuthaza ukususa uphethiloli kwezokuthutha ngemithwalo yemigwaqo e-EU. Le nkampani ihlela ukusebenzisa iziteshi zokugcwalisa i-hydrogen ezingafika ku-150 ngqo noma ngokungaqondile eJalimane, eNetherlands, eBelgium, eLuxembourg naseFrance ngo-2030.
UPan Yanlei, i-CEO ye-Total Energy, uthe inkampani isikulungele ukuthuthukisa i-hydrogen eluhlaza ngezinga elikhulu, futhi ibhodi labaqondisi lizimisele ukusebenzisa imali yenkampani ukusheshisa isu le-hydrogen eluhlaza. Kodwa-ke, uma sibheka izindleko zikagesi, ukugxila ekuthuthukisweni ngeke kube eYurophu.
I-Bp ifinyelele esivumelwaneni ne-Oman sokwandisa ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu e-Oman, ukuhlakulela izimboni ezintsha kanye namakhono obuchwepheshe, ukuhlanganisa amandla avuselelekayo ne-hydrogen eluhlaza ngokusekelwe ebhizinisini legesi yemvelo, kanye nokukhuthaza umgomo we-Oman wamandla aphansi ekhabhoni. I-Bp izokwakha futhi isikhungo se-hydrogen sasemadolobheni e-Aberdeen, eScotland, futhi yakhe indawo yokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen eluhlaza enwebekayo, yokugcina kanye nokusabalalisa ngezigaba ezintathu.
Iphrojekthi enkulu kunazo zonke ye-hydrogen eluhlaza ye-Shell iqaliswe ukukhiqizwa eShayina. Le phrojekthi inenye yamadivayisi amakhulu okukhiqiza i-hydrogen emanzini asebenzisa ugesi emhlabeni, ehlinzeka nge-hydrogen eluhlaza yezimoto zamaseli kaphethiloli we-hydrogen eZhangjiakou Division ngesikhathi sama-Olimpiki asebusika aseBeijing ka-2022. I-Shell imemezele ukubambisana ne-GTT France ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha obungafeza ukuthuthwa kwe-hydrogen okuwuketshezi, okuhlanganisa nomklamo wokuqala wesithwali se-hydrogen esiwuketshezi. Enkambisweni yokuguqulwa kwamandla, isidingo se-hydrogen sizokhula, futhi imboni yokuthumela impahla kumele ifeze ukuthuthwa okukhulu kwe-hydrogen okuwuketshezi, okusiza ekusungulweni kochungechunge lokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli we-hydrogen oluncintisanayo.
E-United States, i-Chevron ne-Iwatani bamemezele isivumelwano sokuthuthukisa nokwakha iziteshi zokugcwalisa i-hydrogen ezingu-30 eCalifornia ngo-2026. I-ExxonMobil ihlela ukwakha isitshalo se-hydrogen esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eBaytown Refining and Chemical Complex eTexas, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo yakha enye yamaphrojekthi amakhulu e-CCS emhlabeni.
I-Saudi Arabia kanye ne-National Petroleum Corporation (PTT) yaseThailand bayasebenzisana ukuze bathuthuke babe amasimu e-hydrogen aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye ne-hydrogen eluhlaza futhi baqhubeke nokukhuthaza amanye amaphrojekthi wamandla ahlanzekile.
Izinkampani ezinkulu zamafutha zomhlaba wonke ziye zasheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla e-hydrogen, zakhuthaza amandla e-hydrogen ukuba abe yinsimu ebalulekile enkambisweni yokuguqulwa kwamandla, futhi zingase zilethe umjikelezo omusha woguquko lwamandla.
Izinkampani zikawoyela zaseYurophu zisheshisa ukuhlelwa kokukhiqizwa kwamandla amasha
Izinkampani zikawoyela zaseYurophu zilangazelela ukuthuthukisa imithombo emisha yamandla njenge-hydrogen, i-photovoltaic kanye namandla omoya.
Uhulumeni wase-US ubeke umgomo wokwakha amandla omoya angama-30 GW angaphandle ngo-2030, okuheha abathuthukisi okubalwa nezinkunzi zamandla zaseYurophu ukuthi bahlanganyele ekubhideni. I-Total Energy iwine ibhidi lephrojekthi yamandla omoya angama-3 GW ogwini lwaseNew Jersey, futhi ihlela ukuqala ukukhiqiza ngo-2028, futhi isungule i-joint venture yokuthuthukisa amandla omoya antantayo angaphandle ngezinga elikhulu e-United States. I-Bp isayine isivumelwano ne-Norwegian National Oil Company sokuguqula i-South Brooklyn Marine Terminal eNew York ibe yisikhungo sokusebenza nokugcinwa kwemboni yamandla omoya angaphandle.
EScotland, i-Total Energy iwine ilungelo lokuthuthukisa iphrojekthi yamandla omoya angaphandle kolwandle enamandla angu-2 GW, azothuthukiswa kanye ne-Green Investment Group (GIG) kanye ne-Scottish Offshore Wind Power Developer (RIDG). Futhi i-bp EnBW nayo iwine ibhidi lephrojekthi yamandla omoya angaphandle kolwandle ogwini olusempumalanga yeScotland. Umthamo ohleliwe wokufakwa ungu-2.9 GW, owanele ukuhlinzeka ngogesi ohlanzekile emindenini engaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu. I-Bp iphinde ihlele ukusebenzisa imodeli yebhizinisi ehlanganisiwe ukuhlinzeka ngogesi ohlanzekile okhiqizwa amapulazi omoya angaphandle kolwandle kunethiwekhi yokushaja izimoto zikagesi yenkampani eScotland. Lezi zinkampani ezimbili ezihlangene neShell Scottish Power Company nazo zithole amalayisense amabili okuthuthukisa amaphrojekthi kagesi omoya antantayo eScotland, anomthamo ongu-5 GW.
E-Asia, i-bp izosebenzisana neMarubeni, unjiniyela womoya waseJapan ogwini lolwandle, ukuze ahlanganyele ekubhideni amaphrojekthi wamandla omoya agwini lolwandle eJapane, futhi izosungula ithimba lendawo lokuthuthukisa umoya wangaphandle lolwandle eTokyo. I-Shell izokhuthaza iphrojekthi yamandla omoya agwini lolwandle angu-1.3 GW eNingizimu Korea. I-Shell iphinde yathenga i-Sprng Energy of India ngenkampani yayo yokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe ephethwe ngokuphelele, engomunye wabathuthukisi kanye nabaqhubi bamandla omoya nelanga abakhula ngokushesha eNdiya. I-Shell ithe lokhu kuthengwa okukhulu kwayikhuthaza ukuba ibe yiphayona lokuguqulwa kwamandla okuphelele.
E-Australia, iShell yamemezela ngomhlaka-1 kuFebhuwari ukuthi isiqedile ukuthengwa kwesitolo samandla sase-Australia i-Powershop, esandise ukutshalwa kwezimali kwayo ezimpahleni nasebuchwephesheni obungenaso isikhutha kanye ne-carbon ephansi e-Australia. Ngokusho kombiko wekota yokuqala ka-2022, iShell iphinde yathola isabelo esingu-49% kumthuthukisi wepulazi lomoya lase-Australia i-Zephyr Energy, futhi ihlela ukusungula ibhizinisi lokuphehla ugesi olungenaso isikhutha e-Australia.
Emkhakheni wamandla elanga, i-Total Energy ithenge i-SunPower, inkampani yaseMelika, ngamadola ayizigidi ezingama-US $250 ukuze yandise ibhizinisi layo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi okusatshalaliswa e-United States. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Total isungule ukubambisana ne-Nippon Oil Company ukuze yandise ibhizinisi layo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi okusatshalaliswa e-Asia.
I-Lightsource bp, inkampani ehlangene ne-BP, inethemba lokuqedela iphrojekthi enkulu yamandla elanga engu-1 GW eFrance ngo-2026 ngenkampani engaphansi kwayo. Le nkampani izophinde ibambisane ne-Contact Energy, enye yezinkampani ezinkulu zomphakathi eNew Zealand, kumaphrojekthi amaningi kagesi elanga eNew Zealand.
I-Net Zero Emission Target Ikhuthaza Ukuthuthukiswa Kobuchwepheshe be-CCUS/CCS
Ngokungafani nezinkampani zikawoyela zaseYurophu, izinkampani zikawoyela zaseMelika zivame ukugxila ekubanjweni, ekusetshenzisweni nasekugcinweni kwekhabhoni (i-CCUS) futhi zingagxili kakhulu emandleni avuselelekayo njengamandla elanga kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla omoya.
Ekuqaleni konyaka, i-ExxonMobil ithembise ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni okugcwele kwebhizinisi layo lomhlaba wonke kube yi-zero ngo-2050, futhi ihlela ukusebenzisa isamba esingu-$15 billion ekutshalweni kwezimali okuguqula amandla aluhlaza eminyakeni eyisithupha ezayo. Kwikota yokuqala, i-ExxonMobil yafinyelela esinqumweni sokugcina sokutshalwa kwezimali. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi izotshala imali eyizigidi ezingama-400 zamaRandi ukuze yandise indawo yayo yokubamba ikhabhoni eLabaki, eWyoming, okuzokwengeza amanye amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.2 kumthamo wamanje wokubamba ikhabhoni waminyaka yonke ocishe ube amathani ayizigidi eziyisikhombisa.
I-Chevron itshale imali kwi-Carbon Clean, inkampani egxile kubuchwepheshe be-CCUS, futhi yabambisana ne-Earth Restoration Foundation ukuthuthukisa amahektha angu-8,800 ehlathi elingaphansi kwekhabhoni eLouisiana njengomsebenzi wayo wokuqala we-carbon offset. I-Chevron iphinde yajoyina i-Global Maritime Decarburization Center (GCMD), futhi yasebenzisana eduze nobuchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo bokubamba uphethiloli kanye nekhabhoni ukukhuthaza imboni yokuthumela ukuze kufezwe umgomo we-zero. NgoMeyi, i-Chevron yasayina isivumelwano sokusebenzisana ne-Tallas Energy Company ukuze isungule i-joint venture yokuthuthukisa ——i-Bayou Bend CCS, isikhungo se-CCS esingasogwini eTexas.
Muva nje, i-Chevron kanye ne-ExxonMobil basayine izivumelwano ngokulandelana nenkampani kawoyela kazwelonke yase-Indonesia (i-Pertamina) zokuhlola amathuba ebhizinisi angenawo ugesi ongcolile e-Indonesia.
Ukuhlolwa kwezimboni kwe-Total Energy kwe-3D kubonisa inqubo entsha yokubamba ikhabhoni diokside emisebenzini yezimboni. Le phrojekthi eDunkirk ihlose ukuqinisekisa izixazululo zobuchwepheshe bokubamba ikhabhoni eziphindaphindwayo futhi iyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokususa ikhabhoni.
I-CCUS ingenye yezobuchwepheshe ezibalulekile zokubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele kanye nengxenye ebalulekile yezixazululo zesimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele. Amazwe emhlabeni wonke asebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ngendlela entsha ukudala amathuba okuthuthukiswa komnotho omusha wamandla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-2022, i-Total Energy nayo yenza imizamo ngophethiloli wezindiza ozinzile (i-SAF), futhi ipulatifomu yayo yaseNormandy isiqalile ngempumelelo ukukhiqiza i-SAF. Le nkampani futhi ibambisana neNippon Oil Company ukukhiqiza i-SAF.
Njengendlela ebalulekile yokuguqulwa kwekhabhoni ephansi ngokuthola izinkampani zikawoyela zomhlaba wonke, i-Total yengeze amandla avuselelekayo angu-4 GW ngokuthola i-American Core Solar. I-Chevron imemezele ukuthi izothenga i-REG, iqembu lamandla avuselelekayo, ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.15, okwenza kube ukubheja okukhulu kakhulu kwamandla ahlukile kuze kube manje.
Isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi samazwe ngamazwe kanye nesimo sobhubhane asizange simise ijubane lokuguqulwa kwamandla ezinkampani ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe zikawoyela. I-"World Energy Transformation Outlook 2022" ibika ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwamandla emhlabeni wonke kuye kwathuthuka. Njengoba kubhekene nokukhathazeka komphakathi, abanikazi bamasheya, njll. kanye nokwanda kwenzuzo ekutshalweni kwezimali emandleni amasha, ukuguqulwa kwamandla ezinkampani ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe zikawoyela kuyaqhubeka kancane kancane ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuphepha kwesikhathi eside kwamandla kanye nokutholakala kwezinto zokusetshenziswa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-04-2022