Izici eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengokukhula kwesidingo samandla emhlabeni wonke, ukuguquguquka kwentengo kawoyela kanye nezinkinga zesimo sezulu, kucindezele amazwe amaningi ukuba enze umkhuba wokuguqula ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Izinkampani zikawoyela zamazwe ngamazwe bezilwela ukuba phambili embonini, kodwa izindlela zokuguqula ikhabhoni ephansi yezinkampani ezihlukene zikawoyela zihlukile: Izinkampani zaseYurophu zakha ngamandla amandla omoya asogwini lolwandle, i-photovoltaic, i-hydrogen namanye amandla avuselelekayo, kuyilapho izinkampani zaseMelika zanda. ukuhlelwa kwe-carbon capture and storage (CCS) kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe bekhabhoni obungemuhle, nezindlela ezahlukene ekugcineni zizoguqulwa zibe ubungqabavu namandla okuguqulwa kwekhabhoni ephansi. Kusukela ngo-2022, izinkampani ezinkulu zikawoyela zamazwe ngamazwe zenze izinhlelo ezintsha ngesisekelo sokwanda okuphawulekayo kwenani lokuthengwa kwebhizinisi elinekhabhoni ephansi kanye namaphrojekthi okutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile onyakeni odlule.
Ukuthuthukisa amandla e-hydrogen sekuwukuvumelana kwezinkampani ezinkulu zikawoyela zamazwe ngamazwe.
Iyindawo eyisihluthulelo nenzima yokuguqulwa kwamandla ezokuthutha, futhi uphethiloli wokuthutha ohlanzekile nekhabhoni ephansi uba ukhiye wokuguqulwa kwamandla. Njengesiqalo esibalulekile soguquko lwezokuthutha, amandla e-hydrogen aziswa kakhulu izinkampani zikawoyela zamazwe ngamazwe.
NgoJanuwari walo nyaka, iTotal Energy yamemezela ukuthi izosebenzisana nezinkampani zamandla avuselelekayo ezidume umhlaba wonke iMasdar kanye neSiemens Energy Company ukuthuthukisa kanye nokukhiqiza imboni yokubonisa i-hydrogen eluhlaza ukuze kube nophethiloli wendiza esimeme e-Abu Dhabi, futhi ikhuthaze ukutholakala kwe-hydrogen eluhlaza njenge amafutha e-decarbonization adingekayo esikhathini esizayo. NgoMashi, i-Total Energy yasayina isivumelwano ne-Daimler Trucks Co., Ltd. sokuthuthukisa ngokuhlanganyela uhlelo lwezokuthutha lwemvelo lwamaloli asindayo axhaswe yi-hydrogen, futhi kugqugquzelwe ukuqedwa kokuthuthwa kwempahla emgwaqeni e-EU. Inkampani ihlela ukusebenzisa iziteshi ze-hydrogen ezifinyelela ku-150 ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile eJalimane, eNetherlands, eBelgium, eLuxembourg naseFrance ngo-2030.
U-Pan Yanlei, oyi-CEO ye-Total Energy, uthe inkampani isilungele ukuthuthukisa i-hydrogen eluhlaza ngezinga elikhulu, futhi ibhodi labaqondisi lizimisele ukusebenzisa ukuhamba kwemali yenkampani ukusheshisa isu le-hydrogen eluhlaza. Kodwa-ke, uma kucatshangelwa izindleko zikagesi, ukugxila kwentuthuko ngeke kube eYurophu.
I-Bp ifinyelele isivumelwano ne-Oman sokwandisa ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu e-Oman, kutshalwe izimboni ezintsha namakhono ezobuchwepheshe, kuhlanganiswe amandla avuselelekayo ne-hydrogen eluhlaza ngesisekelo sebhizinisi legesi yemvelo, futhi kukhuthaze umgomo wase-Oman wamandla ekhabhoni ephansi. I-Bp izophinde yakhe ihabhu le-hydrogen yasemadolobheni e-Aberdeen, e-Scotland, futhi yakhe indawo yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen eluhlaza enwebekayo, indawo yokugcina nokusabalalisa ngezigaba ezintathu.
Iphrojekthi enkulu ye-hydrogen eluhlaza yakwaShell isifakwe eChina. Le phrojekthi inomshini omkhulu kakhulu wokukhiqiza i-hydrogen emanzini afakwe ugesi emhlabeni, ehlinzeka nge-hydrogen eluhlaza ezimotweni zamaseli kaphethiloli we-hydrogen e-Zhangjiakou Division ngesikhathi sama-Olimpiki Wasebusika e-Beijing ka-2022. AbakwaShell bamemezele ukusebenzisana ne-GTT France ukuthuthukisa ngokubambisana ubuchwepheshe obusha obukwazi ukuthuthwa nge-hydrogen ewuketshezi, okuhlanganisa nomklamo wokuqala wesithwali se-hydrogen eliwuketshezi. Enqubweni yokuguqulwa kwamandla, isidingo se-hydrogen sizokhula, futhi imboni yezokuthutha kufanele ibone ukuthuthwa okukhulu kwe-liquid hydrogen, okulungele ukusungulwa kochungechunge lokuncintisana lokuhlinzeka nge-hydrogen fuel.
E-United States, i-Chevron kanye ne-Iwatani yamemezela isivumelwano sokuthuthukisa ngokubambisana kanye nokwakha iziteshi zokugcwalisa i-hydrogen ezingama-30 e-California ngo-2026. I-ExxonMobil ihlela ukwakha isitshalo se-hydrogen eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka e-Baytown Refining kanye ne-Chemical Complex e-Texas, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo yakhe esinye sezimboni. amaphrojekthi amakhulu we-CCS emhlabeni.
I-Saudi Arabia kanye ne-National Petroleum Corporation (PTT) yase-Thailand babambisana ukuthuthukisa i-hydrogen eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezinkundla ze-hydrogen eziluhlaza futhi baqhubekisele phambili nokukhuthaza amanye amaphrojekthi ahlanzekile wamandla.
Izinkampani ezinkulu zikawoyela zamazwe ngamazwe ziye zasheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla e-hydrogen, zakhuthaza amandla e-hydrogen ukuze abe insimu ebalulekile ohlelweni lokuguqulwa kwamandla, futhi angase alethe umjikelezo omusha wokuguqulwa kwamandla.
Izinkampani zikawoyela zaseYurophu zisheshisa ukwakheka kokukhiqizwa kwamandla amasha
Izinkampani zikawoyela zaseYurophu zizimisele ukuthuthukisa imithombo yamandla emisha njenge-hydrogen, i-photovoltaic namandla omoya.
Uhulumeni wase-US uzibekele umgomo wokwakha amandla omoya omoya asuka ngasogwini angama-30 GW ngo-2030, eheha abathuthukisi okuhlanganisa nezikhondlakhondla zamandla kagesi zaseYurophu ukuthi zibambe iqhaza ekubhideni. I-Total Energy iwine isicelo sephrojekthi yamandla omoya angu-3 GW ogwini lwaseNew Jersey, futhi ihlela ukuqala ukukhiqiza ngo-2028, futhi isisungule ibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe lokuthuthukisa amandla omoya antantayo ogwini lolwandle ngezinga elikhulu e-United States. I-Bp isayine isivumelwano neNorwegian National Oil Company sokuguqula iSouth Brooklyn Marine Terminal eNew York ibe isikhungo sokusebenza nokunakekela imboni yamandla omoya ogwini lolwandle.
E-Scotland, i-Total Energy iwine ilungelo lokuthuthukisa iphrojekthi yamandla omoya wasolwandle enamandla angu-2 GW, ezothuthukiswa kanye ne-Green Investment Group (GIG) kanye ne-Scottish Offshore Wind Power Developer (RIDG). Futhi i-bp EnBW iphinde yawina ibhidi yephrojekthi yamandla omoya ogwini lolwandle ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Scotland. Umthamo ohleliwe ofakiwe ungu-2.9 GW, owanele ukuhlinzeka ngogesi ohlanzekile emizini engaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu. I-Bp iphinde ihlele ukusebenzisa imodeli yebhizinisi edidiyelwe ukuze inikeze ugesi ohlanzekile okhiqizwa amapulazi omoya asogwini lolwandle kunethiwekhi yokushaja imoto kagesi yenkampani eScotland. Lezi zinkampani ezimbili ezihlanganyelwe ne-Shell Scottish Power Company ziphinde zathola amalayisense amabili okuthuthukisa amaphrojekthi aphehla amandla omoya antantayo e-Scotland, anamandla angu-5 GW.
E-Asia, i-bp izosebenzisana no-Marubeni, umthuthukisi womoya wase-Japan wase-offshore, ukuba abambe iqhaza ekubhideni amaphrojekthi kagesi ophehla umoya ogwini lolwandle e-Japan, futhi izosungula ithimba lendawo lokuthuthukiswa komoya ogwini lolwandle e-Tokyo. AbakwaShell bazothuthukisa iphrojekthi yamandla omoya aphuma ngasogwini ayi-1.3 GW eSouth Korea. AbakwaShell baphinde bathola i-Sprng Energy yase-India ngenkampani yabo yokutshala izimali phesheya kwezilwandle ephethwe ngokuphelele, okungenye yabathuthukisi bamandla omoya namandla elanga akhula ngokushesha kanye nabasebenza eNdiya. UShell uthe lokhu kuthengwa kwenani elikhulu kwayikhuthaza ukuthi ibe yingqalabutho yoguquko oluphelele lwamandla.
E-Australia, abakwaShell bamemezele ngoFebhuwari 1 ukuthi sebeqedile ukuthengwa kwesitolo samandla sase-Australia i-Powershop, eyandise ukutshalwa kwezimali kwayo ezimpahleni ze-zero-carbon kanye nekhabhoni ephansi kanye nobuchwepheshe e-Australia. Ngokombiko wekota yokuqala ka-2022, abakwaShell baphinde bathola ingxenye engama-49% kunjiniyela wase-Australia wepulazi lomoya i-Zephyr Energy, futhi bahlela ukusungula ibhizinisi lokuphehla ugesi onekhabhoni ephansi e-Australia.
Emkhakheni wamandla elanga, i-Total Energy yathenga i-SunPower, inkampani yaseMelika, ngamadola ayizigidi ezingu-250 ukuze yandise ibhizinisi layo lokuphehla ugesi esabalalisiwe e-United States. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Total isungule ibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe ne-Nippon Oil Company ukuze yandise ibhizinisi layo lokuphehla amandla elanga e-Asia.
I-Lightsource bp, ibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe le-BP, lithemba ukuqedela iphrojekthi enkulu ye-solar ye-1 GW e-France ngo-2026 nge-subsidiary yayo. Le nkampani izophinde ibambisane ne-Contact Energy, enye yezinsiza zomphakathi ezinkulu kunazo zonke eNew Zealand, kumaphrojekthi amaningi kagesi welanga eNew Zealand.
I-Net Zero Emission Target Ikhuthaza Ukuthuthukiswa Kobuchwepheshe Be-CCUS/CCS
Ngokungafani nezinkampani zikawoyela zaseYurophu, izinkampani zikawoyela zaseMelika zivame ukugxila ekubanjweni kwekhabhoni, ukusetshenziswa nokugcinwa (CCUS) futhi kuncane kumandla avuselelekayo njengamandla elanga namandla omoya.
Ekuqaleni konyaka, i-ExxonMobil yathembisa ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni yensalela yebhizinisi layo lomhlaba wonke iye ku-zero ngo-2050, futhi ihlela ukusebenzisa isamba sezigidigidi eziyi-15 zamarandi ekutshalweni kwezimali zokuguqula amandla aluhlaza eminyakeni eyisithupha ezayo. Ngekota yokuqala, i-ExxonMobil ifinyelele isinqumo sokugcina sokutshala imali. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi izotshala izigidi ezingama-400 zama-USD ukuze kwandiswe indawo yayo yokubamba i-carbon e-Labaki, e-Wyoming, okuzokwengeza amanye amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.2 kumthamo wamanje wokubamba ikhabhoni wonyaka ocishe ube ngamathani ayizigidi eziyisi-7.
IChevron itshale imali eCarbon Clean, okuyinkampani egxile kubuchwepheshe be-CCUS, yaphinde yabambisana ne-Earth Restoration Foundation ukuthuthukisa amahektha ayi-8,800 ehlathi elicwila i-carbon eLouisiana njengohlelo lwayo lokuqala lwe-carbon offset. I-Chevron iphinde yajoyina i-Global Maritime Decarburization Centre (GCMD), futhi yasebenza eduze kobuchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo kaphethiloli kanye nekhabhoni yokuthwebula ukuze kuthuthukiswe imboni yezokuthutha ukuze kuzuzwe ingqikithi yenjongo eyiziro. NgoMeyi, iChevron yasayina isivumelwano sokusebenzisana neTallas Energy Company ukuze kusungulwe ibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe ukuthuthukisa——iBayou Bend CCS, isikhungo seCCS esingasogwini eTexas.
Muva nje, i-Chevron ne-ExxonMobil zisayine izivumelwano ngokulandelana nenkampani kawoyela kazwelonke yase-Indonesia (Pertamina) zokuhlola amathuba ebhizinisi anekhabhoni ephansi e-Indonesia.
Uhlolo lwezimboni lweTotal Energy lwe-3D lubonisa inqubo emisha yokuthwebula isikhutha emisebenzini yezimboni. Le phrojekthi ese-Dunkirk ihlose ukuqinisekisa izixazululo zobuchwepheshe bokuthwebula i-carbon futhi iyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokususa ikhabhoni.
I-CCUS ingenye yobuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke kanye nengxenye ebalulekile yezixazululo zesimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele. Amazwe emhlabeni wonke asebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ngendlela entsha ukuze akhe amathuba okuthuthukisa umnotho omusha wezamandla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-2022, iTotal Energy nayo yenza imizamo kuphethiloli wendiza eqhubekayo (SAF), futhi inkundla yayo yaseNormandy isiqale ngempumelelo ukukhiqiza i-SAF. Le nkampani iphinde ibambisane neNippon Oil Company ukukhiqiza iSAF.
Njengendlela ebalulekile yokuguqula ikhabhoni ephansi ngokuthola izinkampani zikawoyela zamazwe ngamazwe, iTotal yengeze u-4 GW wamandla avuselelekayo ngokuthola i-American Core Solar. I-Chevron imemezele ukuthi izothenga i-REG, iqembu lamandla avuselelekayo, ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.15, okuyenza ibe ukubheja okukhulu kunawo wonke kwamanye amandla kuze kube manje.
Isimo esinzima samazwe ngamazwe kanye nesimo esiwumqedazwe akuzange kumise ijubane lokuguqulwa kwamandla ezinkampanini ezinkulu zikawoyela zamazwe ngamazwe. I-"World Energy Transformation Outlook 2022" ibika ukuthi uguquko lwamandla omhlaba lube nenqubekelaphambili. Ngokubhekana nokukhathazeka komphakathi, abaninimasheya, njll. kanye nembuyiselo ekhulayo yokutshalwa kwezimali kumandla amasha, ukuguqulwa kwamandla ezinkampanini ezinkulu zikawoyela zamazwe ngamazwe kuqhubeka kancane ngenkathi kuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwesikhathi eside kwamandla kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwempahla eluhlaza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-04-2022